What is meteorite? And what's the difference between meteorite/meteoroid/Asteroid?
Potential Sources
Mars / the Moon
Some of the meteorites came from Mars and the Moon. No meteorites from planets besides Mars or Moons besides the Moon has been identified.
Asteroids / Meteoroids
Many of the meteorites came from (or used to be) meteoroids. There are also meteorites originated from asteroids, like Vesta.
Micrometeoroite
Meteoroids that are smaller than 1 meter and larger than 30 micrometers are called Micrometeoroite, which is also a source of meteorites. They are smaller in size but abundent in numbers.
When a meteoroid traveling at an insane speed enters Earth's atmosphere, it will interact with the gases in the atmosphere, and the resulting friction, pressure, and chemical interactions cause the meteoroid to heat up and radiate energy. It then becomes a "meteor" and forms a fireball, also known as a shooting star.
Classification of meteorites
Meteorites can be classified into more than 30 different types, based on their following characteristics:
Textures
Compositions
Degree of melting
Chemistry
Oxygen isotopes
Mineralogy
Classification Scheme
Chondrites and Achondrites
Chondrites are the physical mixturess of accreted components, which means that they are primitive rocks that has a similar composition to the Sun. They makes up abourt 86% of the found meteorites.
Achondites are the materials that was affected by the parent bodies' melting and crystallization. They maks up about 14% of the found meteorites.
Why would we classify meteorites into different types?
The goals of the meteorite classification are to provide descriptive labels for classes of meteorites with similar origins or formation histories that could be derived from the same parent body, and to reveal possible genetic relationships between various classes.